A Dozen EV Terms to Kickstart Your Electrical Understanding

If you’re transitioning from the world of LS engine swaps, turbo boost, and ignition timing, the recent influx of electric vehicle (EV) jargon might leave you feeling lost. This confusion is understandable—electric powertrains are a completely different beast compared to their fire-breathing, gasoline-powered counterparts. However, no matter your automotive background, the intoxicating torque delivery of electric motors deserves a place in every enthusiast’s toolbox, even if some still cling to the nostalgia and smell of gasoline.

Let’s cut through the jargon and break down 12 common EV terms and acronyms to help you get started.

Units of Measurement

kW (Kilowatts)

Kilowatts measure the total power available in an EV. To convert kilowatts to horsepower, multiply by 1.34. EV systems typically specify two power ratings:

Peak Kilowatts: The maximum power an EV can produce under heavy load.

Continuous Kilowatts: The power level an EV can sustain indefinitely without overheating.

kWh (Kilowatt-Hours)

Kilowatt-hours measure the energy capacity of an EV battery pack. Think of kWh as the amount of “fuel” in an EV’s “tank.” For instance, a 60 kWh battery can theoretically supply 60 kW of power for one hour.

Amps (Amperes)

Amps measure electrical current flow. In an EV, higher current (at constant voltage) means more power delivered to the motor, resulting in better performance.

Volts

Voltage, measured in volts (V), represents electrical pressure or force. Higher voltage systems can transmit more power with less current, improving efficiency and reducing heat loss.

Key Components

BMS (Battery Management System)

The BMS monitors and controls the health of the EV battery pack to ensure performance, safety, and longevity. It uses wires, called cell taps, to check individual cells in the pack and communicates with the rest of the vehicle’s systems.

DC-DC Converter

This device steps down the high-voltage DC energy from the main traction battery pack to approximately 12 volts to recharge the EV’s 12-volt auxiliary battery. It replaces the alternator found in internal combustion vehicles and powers accessories like lights, infotainment systems, and power seats.

OBC (Onboard Battery Charger)

The OBC converts AC electricity from the grid into DC power to recharge the EV’s main battery pack. It ensures the battery is charged efficiently and safely.

EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment)

An EVSE, commonly known as a charging station, provides the electricity needed to recharge EVs. These can be found in various locations like campuses, grocery stores, and apartment complexes. Over time, EVSEs are expected to become as ubiquitous as gas stations.

Inverter

An inverter converts the DC power from the EV battery pack into AC power for the electric motor(s). This conversion allows precise control of motor speed and torque, crucial for smooth and efficient driving.

Battery Pack

The battery pack is the primary energy storage unit in an EV. It consists of individual cells arranged to meet the voltage and current requirements of the motor. The pack also includes the BMS and, often, thermal management systems for temperature control.

Contactor

A contactor is a high-voltage, high-current relay that connects the inverter and other components to the battery pack once the system verifies safe operating conditions.

ICE (Internal Combustion Engine)

An ICE refers to any engine that burns fossil fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, to produce power. This term is often used to distinguish traditional powertrains from EV systems.

Final Thoughts

While EV terms might initially feel foreign, understanding these basics will help you navigate the exciting world of electric mobility. With their instant torque, high efficiency, and innovative designs, EVs are poised to become a staple of automotive performance and customization. Whether you’re swapping out an ICE for an electric powertrain or simply curious about the future of transportation, these terms will give you a solid foundation to build on.